![]() ![]() For disease screening, symptom evaluation, and periodic disease monitoring, a non-invasive evaluation is more appropriate and involves Doppler assessment and measurement of the ankle brachial index (ABI) 16. Therefore, early diagnosis of PAD and proper implementation of guideline indorsed risk factor modification is paramount for effective management of these patients 12.Ĭustomary clinical diagnostic and monitoring methods for peripheral arterial disease include the use of different imaging modalities such as duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography 13, 14, 15. Beyond intermittent claudication and major adverse cardiac events, severe PAD can lead to critical limb ischemia which if untreated, might result in leg amputation and a high mortality rate as a result 11. While PAD associated walking impairment adversely influences quality of life for PAD patients, there is an added elevated risk of developing major adverse cardiac events including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and both cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality 8, 9, 10. An early and the most common clinical presentation of PAD is intermittent claudication, which involves pain in the lower limb (particularly the calves) mainly induced by physical activities such as walking and subsiding by rest 6, 7. While traditional atherosclerotic risk factors participate in the development of PAD, nicotine addiction with habitual smoking is considered the most prevalent risk for these patients, and diabetes mellitus is likewise an important variable 4, 5. Lower extremity PAD is the most common form of PAD affecting more than 8.5 million Americans and more than 230 million patients worldwide 2, 3. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) generally refers to a progressive circulation disorder, characterized by narrowing or occlusion of the peripheral arteries 1. The results of this feasibility study indicate the diagnostic potential of the proposed method for the detection of PAD. More specifically, p-values of 0.0015 for PBFIV, 0.0183 for TRR, and 0.0048 for L0RR were obtained. Out of the four utilized metrics, three exhibited significantly different distributions between the two groups ( p-value < 0.05). Ultrasound data acquired from 13 legs in the patient group and 13 legs in the healthy group are analyzed. ![]() We examine the feasibility of this method through an in vivo study consisting of 14 PAD patients with abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) and 8 healthy volunteers. These metrics include post-occlusion to baseline flow intensity variation (PBFIV), total response region (TRR), Lag0 response region (L0RR), and Lag4 (and more) response region (L4 + RR). Four quantitative metrics are introduced for analysis of these variations. ![]() The method involves monitoring the variations of blood flow in the calf muscle in response to thigh-pressure-cuff-induced occlusion. In this study, we present a contrast-free ultrasound-based quantitative blood flow imaging technique for PAD diagnosis. Therefore, development of non-invasive and affordable diagnostic approaches can be highly beneficial in detection and treatment planning for PAD patients. Additionally, progression of PAD in the absence of timely intervention can lead to dire consequences. Here's a vectorized approach using bsxfun and mat2cell that stores indices of non-zero nearest elements (by euclidean distance) for each zero element in a cell each - %// Assuming A as the input matrix.While being a relatively prevalent condition particularly among aging patients, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of lower extremities commonly goes undetected or misdiagnosed due to its symptoms being nonspecific. ![]()
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